Eye examination

Vision testing and refraction

The examination begins with refraction, or measurement of the optical prescription, using an automated refractor keratometer. Subjective visual acuity is then tested and, when needed, an appropriate prescription for glasses is provided.

Examination of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye

The anterior segment includes the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris and crystalline lens. It is examined with a slit lamp. Examination of the posterior segment, or ocular fundus, is an important part of assessing the retina and optic nerve and is often performed after the pupils have been dilated.

Measuring intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure is measured by applanation tonometry or with a non-contact method. When glaucoma is suspected, the result is interpreted together with the appearance of the optic nerve, visual field results and other findings.

Additional assessments when required

Depending on the findings, the ophthalmologist may recommend additional examinations:

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• Cover test to assess eye alignment and possible strabismus.
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• Gonioscopy to examine the drainage angle, particularly when glaucoma is suspected.
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• Exophthalmometry for changes affecting the eye socket.
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• Colour vision testing when changes affecting the macula or optic nerve are suspected.
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